There is "abundant evidence of familiarity with Johannine ideas" in the
Gnostic writings of Nag Hammadi. Enough to show that there was obviously much
contact between the Johannine Community and Gnostic groups very early on.
Therefore, it cannot be mere coincidence that Mary Magdalene is cited in the
Gnostic writings as the "disciple whom Jesus loved" in much the same way as the
anonymous male disciple is cited as such in the Fourth Gospel.
The passage from the Fourth Gospel which has Mary Magdalene and the Beloved
Disciple together at the foot of the Cross reads as follows:
Near the cross of Jesus stood his mother, his mother's sister, Mary the wife of
Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. When Jesus saw his mother there, and the disciple
whom he loved standing nearby, he said... (John 19:25ff)**
The Gospel of Philip makes reference to the same group of women that are
standing by the Cross in the Fourth Gospel. However, the Gospel of Philip
clearly cites Mary Magdalene as the "companion" of Jesus.
When did Mary Magdalene return to the tomb? There is a broken trail in the
travels of Mary Magdalene from one place to another Mary Magdalene is abruptly
portrayed as remaining behind weeping at the tomb. However, there is no account
of her returning to the tomb in this scene after telling Peter and the "other
disciple" that the body of Jesus was missing.the account of Peter and the
Beloved Disciple running to the tomb together is "sandwiched between" Mary
Magdalene's initial discovery of the Empty Tomb and her first encounter with the
Risen Jesus. This "contrivance" let the Gospel retain the tradition that Mary
Magdalene was the first to discover the Empty Tomb while still giving the
Beloved Disciple prominence as the first person to reach the Empty Tomb and
believe that Jesus has risen
Finally the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went inside. He
saw and believed. (They still did not understand from Scripture that Jesus had
to rise from the dead.) (John 20:8-9)
The contrast between "he saw and believed" in v. 8 and "they still did not
understand" in v. 9 is peculiar. Verse 9 is clearly making reference to verse 8.
However, the reference is contradictory. This appears to be an attempt to blend
two different traditions: one in which the disciples did not immediately
understand, or believe in, the Resurrection (Matthew 28:17; Mark 16:11,13; Luke
24:11), and another in which Mary Magdalene, changed here to the "other
disciple," instantly perceives the truth (Matthew 28:1,8; Mark 16:9; Luke
24:10).
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