They call her "Flower of Flowers"..


young_bride.gif (17K)


During the Middle Ages, the faithful saw reminders of Mary in the flowers and herbs growing around them.
Violets were symbols of her humility, lilies her purity, and roses her glory.

WROSES-3.GIF (17K) Before the Second Vatican Council of the early 1960's, May crownings were the tradition in Catholic schools during Mary's month of May, and makeshift home altars bearing an image of Mary were decorated with the choicest home-grown blossoms.
Those traditions have almost disappeared, but the medieval custom of finding reminders of Mary's attributes, glories, and sorrows in flowers and herbs has left a legacy that can enrich our lives in this new millennium.
Reflecting on the flower names, we can honor Mary and find relevance for our own lives.
We see Mary's humility as we gaze upon the humble violet, sing her praises with petunias, and share her sorrows as we behold the purple blossoms and sword-like leaves of the blue flag iris.
More than 30 flowers and herbs bear legends about Mary's life.
Many of the plants can be easily grown in your own Mary Garden, a garden dedicated to Mary and containing her image and plants associated with her by name or legend.
The legends thatwhich follow can take us, in spirit and in our hearts, on a virtual journey with Mary.
Marigolds were Mary's Gold, clematis was the Virgin's Bower, and lavender was Our Lady's Drying Plant.



Columbine, or Our Lady's Shoe
Columbine is said to have sprung up wherever Mary's foot touched the earth when she was on her way to visit her cousin, Elizabeth.
The spurred flower resembles a little dove and came to symbolize the Holy Spirit.
' In England, doves were used to decorate the altar in during Whitsun Week, the week following Pentecost Sunday, as the faithful made a connection between the dove, the Holy Spirit, and Our Lady's Flower, the name they had given the columbine.
Oxeye Daisy, or Mary's Star On the night that Jesus was born, the Magi, praying on a mountainside, saw a star appear in the form of a fair child.
The child told them to go to Jerusalem, where they would find a newborn child.
When the Wise Men, following the star, reached the village of Bethlehem, they looked for a further sign.
Suddenly, King Melchior saw a strange white and gold flower that looked like the star that had led them to Bethlehem.
As he bent to pick it, the door of a stable opened, and he saw the Holy Family.
Juniper, or the Madonna's Juniper Bush
In Sicily, it is told that the juniper bush saved the life of Mary, Joseph, and the infant Jesus during their flight into Egypt.
As the soldiers pursued them, the Holy Family hastened through fields of peas and flax and thickets of various shrubs.
A juniper bush growing nearby opened up its thick branches to enclose the Holy Family, hiding them until Herod's men had left.
The inside of the large bush became a soft bed, sheltering the fleeing family, while needles on the outside branches grew prickly as spears.
Herod's soldiers could not penetrate the spiky branches of the juniper and passed the family by.
Fuchsia, or Our Lady's Ear-Drop The gently drooping flowers resemble ear-drops, or pendant earrings.
It is said that Jesus might have playfully hung flower jewels of ruby and amethyst colors on his mother's ears.
It was said that when Mary wept at the foot of the cCross, her tears fell to the ground and turned into the tiny fragrant blossoms of this early spring plant.
In England, it had the name "Our Lady's Tears," because when viewed from a distance the white flowerets gave the appearance of teardrops falling.
The lily of the valley was a symbol of the Virgin Mary because of its pure white flowers, sweet smell, and humble appearance.
It symbolized Mary's Immaculate Conception and represented the purity of body and soul by which Mary found favor with God.
Red Rose, or Our Lady's Rose, and White Lily, or Mary's Lily .
About 12 years after Jesus' resurrection, an angel appeared to Mary to tell her that in three days she would be called forth from her body to where her sSon awaited her.
Mary asked that her sons and brothers, the apostles, be gathered near her, so that she could see them before she died and so they could bury her.
The angel told her the apostles would be with her that day, and they were immediately plucked up by clouds wherever they were preaching and transported to her house.
Then Jesus came for her, and her soul went forth out of her body and flew upward in the arms of her son.
As Mary rose, she was surrounded with red roses and white lilies.
Three days later, her body came forth from the tomb and was assumed into heaven, accompanied by a chorus of angels.
The apostle Thomas, however, was not present, and when he arrived, he refused to believe that this had happened.
He asked that her tomb be opened, and when it was opened, it contained only lilies and roses.
Roses and lilies have been symbols of Mary since earliest times.
The rose, emblematic of her purity, glories, and sorrows, was her attribute as Queen of Heaven and a symbol of her love for God and for Christ, her son.
The lily represented her immaculate purity, her innocence, and her virginity.
Yellow Flag Iris, or Fleur-de-lis
During the 14th century, a wealthy French knight, Salaun, renounced the world and entered the Cistercian order.
He was very devout but could never remember more than the first two words of the Ave Maria.
He kept repeating the two words, "Ave Maria," as he prayed to the Virgin.
He prayed to her day and night, using only those two words.
He grew old and when he died was buried in the chapel -yard of the monastery.
As proof that Mary had heard his short but earnest prayer, a fleur-de-lis plant sprang up on his grave, and on every flower the words "Ave Maria" shone in golden letters.
the words "Ave Maria.
" The monks, who had ridiculed Salaun because of what they viewed as his ignorant piety, were so amazed that they opened his grave.
There they found the root of the plant resting on the lips of the knight.
Finally, they understood his great devotion.
In Chartres Cathedral in France, the famous 13th-century rose window of the north transept, which depicts the Glorification of the Virgin, includes the fleur-de-lis, said to be a symbol of the Annunciation.
 

ALTHEA Consumed by love
ALYSSYM (sweet) Excellence beyond beauty, exemplary modesty
AMARYLLIS Beautiful, timid, proud
ANEMONE Fading hope
APPLE-BLOSSOM Preference
ASTER ( China) Afterthoughts, love of variety
AZALEA Moderation, temperance, your blush has won me
BACHELOR'S BUTTON Devotion, hope, love
BABY'S BREATH Pure of heart
BEGONIA Deformity
BELLFLOWER Constancy, gratitude,
BETONY Surprise
BITTERSWEET Truth, platonic love
BLUEBELL Constancy, sorrowful regret
BUTTERCUP Riches
CALLA LILY Magnificent beauty
CAMELLIA (Red) Unpretending excellence, innate warmth, alas my poor heart
CAMELLIA (White) Perfected loveliness, without blemish
CARNATION Fidelity, love
CHERRY-BLOSSOM Spiritual beauty
CHRYSANTHEMUM Loveliness and cheerfulness
CLEMATIS Mental Beauty
CLOVER (four-leafed) Be mine
CLOVER (white) Think of me
COLUMBINE Folly
CORNFLOWER Delicacy, refinement
COXCOMB Foppery
CRABAPPLE-BLOSSOM Irritability
CRANBERRY Cure for heartache
CROCUS Abuse not, gladness, mirth
DAFFODIL Deceitful, hope, unrequited love, regard
DAHLIA Elegance and dignity, forever thine
DAISY Innocence
DANDELION Coquetry, love's oracle
DOGWOOD Forgetfulness, love undiminished by
EGLANTINE Genius, I wound to heal, poetry, talent
FERN Fascination, magic, sincerity
FLOWERING ALMOND Hope
FORGET-ME-NOT Constancy, true love
FOUR-O'CLOCK Timidity
FOXGLOVE Insincerity, stateliness, youth
FUCHSIA Confiding love
GARDEN DAISY Share your sentiments
GARDENIA Refinement
GERANIUM Gentility, peaceful mind
GLADIOLUS Ready-armed
GOLDENROD Encouragement, precaution
GRAPE (wild) Charity, mirth
HAWTHORN Hope
HELIOTROPE Devotion, eagerness, intoxicated with joy
HIBISCUS Delicate beauty
HOLLY Am I forgotten?, domestic happiness, foresight
HOLLYHOCK Ambition, fruitfulness
HONEYSUCKLE (coral) Fidelity, generous and devoted love, affection
HONEYSUCKLE Bonds of love
HYACINTH (purple) Jealousy, sorrow
HYACINTH (white) Modest loveliness
HYACINTH Constancy
HYDRANGEA Boaster, heartlessness
IRIS Message, my compliments, eloquence
IVY Fidelity, friendship, marriage, wedded love
JASMINE I am too happy
JONQUIL Can you return my love?, I desire a return of your affection
LADY'S SLIPPER Capricious beauty, win and wear me
LARKSPUR (pink) Fickleness (purple) Haughtiness
LAUREL (mountain) Ambition
LAUREL Perfidy, treachery
LAVENDER Acknowledgment, distrust failure
LILAC Youthful innocence
LILY (calla) Maiden modesty, beauty
LILY (day) Coquetry
LILY (tiger) I dare you to love me
LILY (white) Purity and sweetness
LILY (yellow) Coquetry, falsehood, flirtation
LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY Perfect purity, return of happiness
LOTUS Estranged love
LUPINE Voraciousness
MAGNOLIA Benevolence, high-souled, love of nature, magnificence
MARIGOLD Cruelty in love, inquietude, jealous lover
MIMOSA Exquisite, fastidious
MISTLETOE I surmount difficulties, I want to be kissed, you are a parasite
MOCK-ORANGE Counterfeit
MOONFLOWER I only dream of love
MORNING-GLORY Affection, departure
MYRTLE Love in absence
NARCISSUS Egotism, you love yourself too well
OLEANDER Beware
ORANGE-BLOSSOM Chastity, eternal love, marriage, bridal festivities
ORCHID You are a belle, you flatter me
PANSY Modesty, pleasant thoughts, think of me
PASSION FLOWER Faith, holy love, religious fervour and superstition
PEACH-BLOSSOM I am your captive
PEONY Anger, indignation, bashfulness
PERIWINKLE Harmony, pleasure of memory
PETUNIA You soothe me
PHLOX Unanimity
POPPY (scarlet) Fantastic extravagance
POPPY (white) Forgetfulness
PRIMROSE Believe me, youth and sadness
RHODODENDRON Beware, I am dangerous
ROSE ( Burgundy) Unconscious beauty
ROSE (cabbage) Ambassador of love
ROSE (deep-red) Admiration, bashful, embarrassment
ROSE (full-blown) Engagement
ROSE (moss) Superior, confessions of love
ROSE (musk) Capricious beauty
ROSE (pink) Ours must be secret love
ROSE (red) Unity, romantic love
ROSE (thornless) Ingratitude
ROSE (white) I am worthy of your love, silence, innocent love
ROSE (wild) Charming simplicity
ROSE (yellow) Jealousy, let us forget, love is waning, friendship
ROSEBUD (red) Inclined to love, pure and lovely
ROSEBUD (white) Too young to love
SHAMROCK Loyalty
SNAPDRAGON No, presumption
SNOWBALL Bound thoughts of heaven
SNOWDROP Consolation, friendship in trouble
SUNFLOWER (large) You are splendid
SWEET-WILLIAM Grant me one smile
SWEET PEA departure, remember me
THISTLE (Scotch) Retaliation
TRILLIUM Modest ambition
TUBEROSE Dangerous
TULIP (red) Declaration of love
TULIP (yellow) Hopeless and perfect love
TULIP TREE BLOSSOM Rural happiness
VERBENA Pray for me, tender and quick emotion
VIOLET (blue) Faithfulness, love, loyalty
VIOLET (white) Candour, modesty hope
VIRGINIA CREEPER I cling to you
WATER LILY Purity of the heart
WISTARIA Cordial welcome ZINNIA Thoughts of absent




Mary's Flowers
During the Middle Ages, May day celebrations, honoring new life, became associated with Mary.


May Hawthorn
The May hawthorn, which bears white blossoms in early spring, became known as Mary's Flower of May.




Hawthorn
In earlier times "bringing in the May," the "May" being the flowering branches of any tree in bloom on the first of May, was the custom on the first of May in England and parts of Scotland.
Also in Medieval times the faithful honored Our Lady as the mother of all growing, living things. Konrad Würzburg wrote:


You are a living paradise

Of gloriously colored flowers.

Rose and Lily
The faithful saw Mary's attributes in the herbs and flowers growing around them and named many plants after her. Legends about the flowers developed as people sought to connect them with events from Mary's life.
Mary was associated with this passage from the Song of Songs (2:1)


I am the Rose of Sharon,

The lily of the valleys.
Roses and lilies became Mary's flowers. A legend from the second century says that when Mary's tomb was opened to show Thomas that her body had been assumed into heaven, it was filled with these flowers. The Venerable Bede (673-735) compared Our Lady to the lily,

... the white petals signifying her bodily purity,

the golden anthers the glowing light of her soul ...
The Madonna lily was associated with the Annunciation and lilies are often depicted in scenes of the angel's visit to Mary.



Martin Schongauer (1450-1491) Annunciation Main Altar of the Dominican Church in Colmar, Germany
Tradition tells us that the Amazon lily was the Star of Bethlehem guiding the Magi to Jesus. Other lilies were associated with Mary. The red lily was Mary's lily and the Martagon or turban lily was called Our Lady's Tears. Hosta or plantain lily was the Assumption lily.


Rose legends proliferated, reaching their peak in the twelfth century. The Rosa Alba turned pink when Mary blushed at the angel's annunciation, the Christmas Rose sprang up to provide flowers for the poor shepherd girl who had no gift for the Infant Jesus, the Rose of Jericho marked the spot where the Holy Family rested during their Flight into Egypt, and the Rose Campion saved the life of a lord who prayed "Our Lady's psalter."

In the fourteenth century the poet Dante called Mary "the Rose, in which the divine Word became flesh..." Many artists of the fifteenth century painted Mary with roses, often in a rose garden.



Stephan Lochner (1410-1451) Madonna in the Rose Bower Cologne, Germany
We can honor Mary this month by recalling the attributes of Mary called out by flowers and herbs named after her. The flowers can serve as starting points for prayer and meditation about Mary and her life.

Consider the following examples:


Mary's Gold
The marigold was called Mary's Gold by early Christians who placed the flowers around statues of Mary, offering the blossoms in place of coins. It was told that Mary used the blossoms as coins. A legend says that during the Flight into Egypt the Holy Family was accosted by a band of thieves. They took Mary's purse and when they opened it, marigolds fell out. Click here for more information.



Marigold

Our Lady of Modesty
The lowly violet was associated with humility and became known as Our Lady's Modesty. It was said to have blossomed when Mary said to the Angel Gabriel, who had come to tell her she was to bear the Son of God, "Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord."




Violet

Our Lady's Shoes
Fallen spurs of the columbine looked like Our Lady's Shoes and received that name. They were said to have sprung up where Mary's feet touched the earth when she was on her way to visit Elizabeth.




Prayerbook of Michelino da Besozzo (1410) Annunciation
The spurred flowers resembled the tiny doves and came to represent the Holy Spirit. The flower also symbolized the innocence of Mary.


Our Lady of Purity
The alabaster white snowdrop became a symbol of Mary's purity and was called the Flower of Purification because it bloomed on February 2, the Feast of the Purification of Mary. In Italy and other countries in Europe the statue of Mary was removed from the altar on that day and snowdrops were strewn in its place. This day was also the feast of the Presentation of Jesus in the Temple. The flowers were called Candlemas Bells after the ceremony of blessing the candles began late in the eighth century and February 2 also became known as Candlemas Day.




Alabaster White Snowdrop

Our Lady's Shelter
In Sicily it is told that the Madonna's Juniper Bush opened its branches to shelter the Holy Family when Herod's pursuing soldiers drew near them as they fled to Egypt. The rosemary bush and clematis were also said to have sheltered the Holy Family during the Flight into Egypt. The rosemary's fragarance arose after Mary hung her linens to dry on its branches.





Juniper Bush
Lavender also was said to have received its scent after Mary laid Jesus' clothes on the plant to dry. It was called Mary's Drying Plant.


Our Lady's Cushion
The soft blossoms of sea-pink or thrift are said to have formed cushions for Mary to sit on when she rested during the long Flight into Egypt. They became known as Our Lady's Cushion.




Sea-pink or Thrift

Our Lady's Thistle
Thistle was called Our Lady's Thistle. The leaves of the plant are said to have become spotted when drops of milk fell on them while Mary was nursing Jesus.




Thistle
Leaves of the spotted cowslip of Jerusalem also became spotted when drops of Mary's milk fell on them.


Our Lady's Tears
Lily of the Valley was known as Mary's Tears. It is told that when Mary cried at the Cross, her tears turned into this flower.




Lily of the Valley
Spiderwort and spotted lungwort were also called Our Lady's Tears.


Our Lady's Fruitfulness
The strawberry was called Fruitful Virgin and it was told that Mary would go a-berrying with her Son on St. John's Day, June 24. Also that any mother who had lost a child would not eat strawberries on that day for if she did, Mary would say to her child in heaven, "You must stand aside for your mother has eaten your share, and none remains for you."




Master from the Upper Rhine (1410-1420) Author of the Paradise Garden

Our Lady's Fingers
Hundreds of other flowers and herbs were named after Mary. Tendrils of the honeysuckle plant became Our Lady's Fingers.




Honeysuckle
The harebell or blue wood hyacinth was called Our Lady's Thimble and it was told that Mary earned a living for the family weaving and sewing.


Our Lady's Bells
The bell-like florets of several other species of campanula were named after Mary. Canterbury Bells were Our Lady's Bells or Our Lady's Nightcap.




Campanula
Venus' Looking Glass was called Our Looking Glass. Others were called Bethlehem Star and Mary's Star.


Our Lady's Glove
The foxglove plant, with its glove-like blossoms, became Our Lady's Glove. In France it is known as Gant de Notre Dame.




Foxplant glove
It was said that Jesus hung the pendant blooms of the fuchsia plant on his mother's ears; the shrub was called Our Lady's Ear-drop. Impatiens is also known as Our Lady's Earrings.


Our Lady's Herbs
Herbs were named after Mary. Spearmint was known as Our Lady's Mint.




Mint
Marjoran was Mother of God's Flower. Bee balm and lemon balm were both called Sweet Mary. Catnip was Mary's Nettle. Sage was Mary's shawl. Dandelion was known as Mary's Bitter Sorrow.
A group of herbs became known as Manger Herbs because they made a bed for the Infant Jesus when he was born. Sweet woodruff and yellow bedstraw were called Our Lady's Bedstraw and creeping thyme was Mary's Bedstraw.




Pennyroyal
Mints and pennyroyal were also said to have been used in the manger.


Our Lady's Popularity
Some of the popular flowers of today are also named after Mary. Bachelor button is Mary's Crown, English daisy is Mary-Love, geranium is Mary's Flower, larkspur is Mary's Tears, pansy is Our Lady's Delight, morning glory is Our Lady's Mantle, petunia is Our Lady's Praises and zinnia is the Virgin.


Our Lady's Garden
In the twelfth century, this passage from the Song of Songs:


"You are an enclosed garden, my sister, my bride."
became a symbol for Mary, the bride of Christ.



Virgin and the Rose Trellis (1470)
The cloistered, enclosed garden, sometimes called a Paradise Garden, came to represent the purity of the Virgin Mary. We can honor Mary by planting her flowers in a garden dedicated to her. Gardens dedicated to Mary and containing flowers named after her are called Mary Gardens.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Material for this page was prepared by Vincenzina Krymow, whose book, Mary's Flowers in Legends, Gardens and Meditations , was published St. Anthony Messenger Press. Flower illustrations are from Our Lady's Book of Flowers, by Mabel Maugham, published by the Assisi Press, Dublin, in 1956. Additional information about Mary's flowers and Mary's Gardens can be found on the Mary's Gardens Internet Web Page Site at http://www.mgardens.org.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Return to the top of this document.


Return to The Mary Page


SOME GOOD LINKS TO PLANT DATABASES AND PHOTOS

PLANT DATABASES

Andersen Horticultural Library
http://plantinfo.umn.edu/arboretum/default.asp
A subscription based database where current sources for over 60,000 plants can be obtained.

British Trees Website
http://www.british-trees.com/
This site contains excellent reference material for native British trees which are often used in the North American landscape.

CalPhotos
http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/photos/flora/
Over 33,000 plant images from the University of California, Berkley.

The Canadian Rose Society
http://www.mirror.org/groups/crs/index.html
Information and photos on many of the hardy rose varieties grown by Lawyer Nursery.

Deer resistant plant database
http://www.mydeergarden.com/
A searchable database designed mostly for the amateur, but a great resource when compiling your own ‘deer resistant’ list for your customers.

Ecoworld
http://www.ecoworld.com
Tree and plant species database, photos & data.

Flora of North America Web Site
http://hua.huh.harvard.edu/FNA/
Taxonomic relationships, distributions, and morphological characteristics of all plants native and naturalized found in North America.

Helpmefind.com
http://www.helpmefind.com/sites/rrr/rosetest.html
Great resource for more information on hardy roses. Contains photos and details of most species and varieties grown by Lawyer Nursery.

Michael Dirr’s Noble Plants
http://www.nobleplants.com/index.htm
The noted plantsman, offers a website to highlight unique woody and herbaceous plants.

Native Plants of British Columbia
http://rbcm1.rbcm.gov.bc.ca/nh_papers/nativeplants/index.html
Photos and data for native British trees which are often used in the North American landscape.

Neoflora
http://www.neoflora.com/
Over 38,000 entries on plant information.

Ohio Public Library Information Network
http://www.oplin.lib.oh.us/products/tree/
Identify trees by fruit, leaf or name.

Ohio State University Plant Dictionary
http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/plants.html
A searchable database of over 2,500 images depicting ornamental plants and accompanying pests and diseases.

Plants for a Future Species Database
http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/D_search.html
An excellent plant database searchable by plant name, use (edible, medicinal), native range, habitat type, and more.

Poisonous Plants database
http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~djw/readme.html

Royal Botanic Gardens/Kew Plant Databases
http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/web.dbs/
Online databases, publications, bibliographies and other scientific information resources about plants and fungi.

SelecTree
http://selectree.cagr.calpoly.edu/
A program that matches specific tree species to site types based on compatible characteristics. Provides 49 selection criteria to choose from. Although California based, the information can be used nationwide.

Silvics of North America
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/table_of_contents.htm

Tree guide
http://www.treeguide.com/
Information on North America trees

USDA PLANTS Database
http://plants.usda.gov/
The nationwide plant database that offers photos and detailed plant information for U.S. species.

PROPAGATION

Cornell University online grafting course
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/hort494/graftage/hort494.index.html

Growit.com Rooting Database
http://www.growit.com/Know/Rooting.htm
“Extensive information on rooting cuttings of woody plants, organized by botanical name. Developed for commercial growers.”

The Native Plant Network
http://nativeplants.for.uidaho.edu/network/
Information on how to propagate native plants of North America.

Woody Plant Seed Manual
http://www.wpsm.net/
Manual by the US Forest Service covering seed biology, genetic Improvement of forest trees, seed testing, certification of tree seeds and other woody plant materials, and nursery practices.

RESTORATION

International Erosion Control Association
http://www.ieca.org/
River Corridor and Wetland Restoration
http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/restore/
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) site

Watershed Science Institute
http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/watershed/
Specialists that use science to carry out programs that improve watershed processes and functions.

SOILS

Soils
http://homepages.which.net/~fred.moor/soil/links/l0102.htm
A website about soil fertility, chemistry, and pH with many interesting links.

Soil Science Society of America
http://www.soils.org/
Website for soil science professionals. Offers information and links.

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

The American Conifer Society
http://www.conifersociety.org/
ACS “encourages the development, conservation and propagation of conifers with emphasis on those that are dwarf and unusual.”

American Nursery & Landscape Association
http://www.anla.org/
ANLA serves to promote political legislation that will benefit the industry.

The American Phytopathological Society
http://www.apsnet.org/
“An international scientific organization that advances the study of plant diseases and their control in agricultural, urban and forest settings.”

American Society for Horticultural Science
http://www.ashs.org/
The society promotes and encourages scientific research and education in horticulture throughout the world.

American Tree Farm System
http://www.treefarmsystem.org/

Association of Professional Landscape Designers
http://www.apld.org/

The Botanical Society of America
http://www.botany.org/
An organization that promotes plant research, and disseminates knowledge of plants, algae and fungi.

International Plant Propagators Society
http://www.ipps.org/Default.asp

International Society of Arboriculture
http://www2.champaign.isa-arbor.com/welcome.html

National Arborist Association
http://www.natlarb.com/

National Christmas Tree Association
http://www.realchristmastrees.org/

Quebec Institute for the Development of Ornamental Horticulture
http://www.iqdho.com
“IQDHO is a center of expertise that support the ornamental horticulture growers and publish HORTIDATA, a technical database on ornamental horticulture production.”

Society of American Foresters
http://www.safnet.org/






AVE
Mary Garden Homepage






 

Themes You Will Find At SpiritBride.. Spiritual Mystique, Gardens and Sanctuaries, Weddings and Honeymoons, Wellness and Solutions, The Philo Sophia, angels, Christian, Goddess, Jesus, groom, married, bride, divine, holy spirit, Mary Magdalene, female, women, wedding, Sophia, Mother Mary, woman's, Bible, hagia, study, love, spirit, rosaries, recipes, spice, tea, herbs, wine making supplies, roses, oils, scents, salts, learning, holiday, planner, glassware, kitchenware, software, weddings, faith, soul, happiness, tao, quan, kaun, yin, bodhisattva, fairies, princess, fey, faery, faeries, plant spirits, country, living, herbal, lifestyle, herb gardening, bird houses, crafts, silver, semi precious stones, jewelry, art, music, messages, blog, posts, ministry, hope, zen, "

TOP SEARCH ENGINES

* HOME * Google * Yahoo! * MSN Search * AOL Search * AllTheWeb * AltaVista * AskJeeves * MetaCrawler * Lycos